Reproductive Rights ( healthcare ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conceptive Rights ( medicinal services morals) - Essay Example despite the fact that in the Moschetta case, the natural just as gestational mother is very much the same, the authority of the youngster is denied her for that was not the expectation with which she entered pregnancy. Having taken a gander at the points of reference, it is imperative to take note of that in the space of regenerative rights, expansive speculations can't be made. The decisions should be put forth on a defense by case premise considering the lawful and moral complexities that such cases present. Course An: If John and Jane reason that it is unreasonable to surrender the infant and choose to go about as concurred in the agreement, at that point Gina will assume no ensuing job in all choices identified with the kid. Presence of mind would direct that the issue of sexual orientation renaming ought to be delayed till adolescence, which would permit the kid to more readily adapt to the approaching disarray and pain. Course B: But, in the event that John and Jane are no longer in the image after the fourth month of growth and Gina chooses not to prematurely end according to her strict directions, at that point clearly, she will be the sole overseer and thus has every single parental right. However, there is another significant factor to be considered †the method of settlement. On the off chance that the two gatherings (John and Jane from one perspective and Gina on the other) genially consent to break up the agreement, at that point Course B will run its course. Regardless of whether the contradiction grows into a claim, Course B is the main likely result. In the last situation, Gina will no doubt have her clinical costs secured during the growth time frame. The way that the pregnancy is in the fourth month (second trimester) makes fetus removal an absurd alternative. A premature birth at this stage is excruciating for both mother and embryo. Regardless of whether life starts during childbirth or at origination, the minor actuality that the life of the mother will be risked in a second trimester fetus removal is a solid moral motivation to not prematurely end. With regards to the subject of whether age ought to be a factor in Assisted Reproductive

The essay talk about the church York Minster, in York, that was build

The discussion about the congregation York Minster, in York, that was work in late medieval times - Essay Example The church’s curve rise heavenward, and the dividers, passages, segments and entryways are cut with scriptural figures and scenes. Several littler holy places were built utilizing this style, and this promoted the Gothic style of engineering (Scholastic.com). Gothic style was vigorously acquired from a previous style known as Romanesque. Romanesque engineering had saved the building style of Roman occasions. The Roman style was gradually changed to address the issues of the Christian religion, subsequently, offering ascend to the Romanesque engineering. The word Gothic was taken from the Goths, the individuals who attacked the Roman Empire. Local people apparent the outside with the whole brace as undesirable to take a gander at and guaranteed that it depicted the Goths. The Gothic style has three design includes; the sharp curve, ribbed vault and the flying support. The sharp curve is the element that isolates Gothic structures from the Roman style and Romanesque engineering. In the more seasoned Gothic styles, the curve was an adjusted figure. The Goth modelers didn't imagine the sharp curve; they obtained this component from the Muslim draftsmen of Asia, Southern Europe, and Africa (Scholastic.com). The sharp curve was utilized after Jerusalem was caught from the Muslims in the primary campaign time of 1099. Numerous crusaders saw the Muslim centerpieces, and they imitated this style. The European designers utilized the curve in an unexpected manner in comparison to the Muslims. The sharp curves introduced more noteworthy adaptability in inside structure. The curves could stretch out upwards to more prominent statures permitting a bigger separation between the wharfs and the sections underneath. At the highest point of the wharfs, there existed curves that crossed the roof and were bolted together by a supervisor stone. These roofs were known as vaulted or ribbed vaulting. The principle plan of the congregation was isolated into inlets; each corner had a column and from one corner to the next, round curves were assembled. These round curves

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Pocahontas And Benjamin Franklin Tragic And Historical...

The beliefs which made the United States of America the prodigious country it is today, began during it’s early colonization-a time in the life of this great nation which is everlastingly remembered with pride. America s foundation rested upon the ideals of diversity, innovation, and the ability to exhibit strength in the face of adversity; there are few who have embodied this vision of America more completely than Pocahontas and Benjamin Franklin. Tragic and historical events developed during the lives of Pocahontas and Benjamin Franklin; although their individual situations required very different reactions, both persevered, therefore granting those who came after them the ability to reflect on America’s beginnings with admiration and pride. During the time of American colonization, tensions between the English and the Native Americans rose exponentially. The New World was newly formed, and both Englishmen and Native Americans found themselves in unfavorable positions while drastic transformations occurred in their relative societies. The land and livelihood which once belonged to the Native Americans, became dominated by these foreign Englishmen. The Englishmen left all that was known to them across the Atlantic and embarked on a journey to establish a New World from nothing, in a land called America. Nevertheless, Pocahontas, a young Native American, and Benjamin Franklin, a young American, found ways to turn their individual hardships into fortune. As a young child,

The Disability Employment Between Brazil And Canada

Disability is present in everywhere around the world, and its definition is quite complex and it differs across cultures. In general, it is considered as a Disabled Persons who had permanently loss or reduction of structure, or anatomical function, physiological, psychological or mental, generating inability to certain activities within the standard considered normal. The concept of disability includes impairments that prevent full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. For the final paper I chose to compare the disability employment between Brazil and Canada. Brazil is a country in development; it is located in the South America, and it is the fifth most populous country in the world. According to the last census, 24% (45.6 million) of the population has some type of disability. There are more women with disability (26.5% of the population) than men (21.2% of the population). In both genders, there are more black people with disability (23.5% for men, and 30.9% for women), followed by the yellow and white groups. Indians (natives) are the minor group with disability (18.4% for men, and 21.8% for women). The percentage of Brazilians with disability increased with age (2.39% for people 0 to 14 years; 7.13% for people 15 to 64 years; 41.81% for those 65 years and over). Canada is located in the North America, and it is a developed country. In 2012, about 13.7% Canadians (3.8 million) reported having a disability. In Canada, the percentage ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Income Inequality1038 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy, culture, or religion, the society always care about this growing issue. Inequalities are shown in diverse ways by people’s position in the distribution of wealth or income but could also be related to other characteristics like having a disability, different ethnicity or background or gender. 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The Role Of Project Portfolio Management In Increasing The Effectiveness Free Essays

string(30) " performance of each project\." THE ROLE OF PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROJECT PORTFOLIO Name Institution Date THE ROLE OF PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROJECT PORTFOLIO Introduction The issue of whether project managers should adopt project portfolio management in the management of multiple projects or not has raised a lot of debates in organizations. It is evident that project managers find it difficult to manage multiple projects on their own without the help of project portfolio management which provides the capacity needed to effectively handle multiple projects. Some company executives insist that portfolio managers are not necessary and yet this not the case. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Project Portfolio Management In Increasing The Effectiveness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Companies initiate multiple projects each and every day with high performance standards. Project managers do not have the capacity to coordinate and control multiple projects in a project portfolio without the help of project portfolio management (Mahajan 2009, p. 78). Project portfolio management is a new concept in project management that is yet to fully explored and utilized by many organizations. The effectiveness of a project portfolio can not be achieved without the expertise of a portfolio manager. The effectiveness of a project portfolio is very vital when an organization wants to meet its organizational and financial goals (Mahajan 2009, p. 134). Some project managers feel that their job is threatened with the introduction of project portfolio management. This is not the case because project portfolio management is only meant to complement the work of a project manager. This position paper will discuss why it is necessary for an organization to adopt project portfolio management when handling multiple projects. Project portfolio management plays a critical role in increasing the efficiency of a project portfolio. Background Information It is important to first of all have some background information about project portfolio management before discussing why it is necessary in increasing the effectiveness of a project portfolio (Levin 2010, p. 93). Project portfolio management introduces a new system in portfolio management where all the technologies, methods and processes used in the management of multiple projects are centralized in one place. Each project in a project portfolio has unique characteristics that are analyzed and collectively managed by the project portfolio management office. Effective allocation and tracking of resources meant for multiple projects is not an easy task but this can be done by a portfolio manager who has the capability and tools to come up with an effective framework for managing multiple resources (Brunel 2006, p. 28). Project portfolio management is very essential in project-driven organizations and this is attributed to the fact that inter-related tasks need to be managed in a centralized manner. Project execution and decision making are the segments of project management that require the capabilities provided by project portfolio management. Project portfolio management provides project managers with the required capabilities necessary to handle multiple projects. Project portfolio management offers simple and cheap strategies that are needed in the execution of multiple projects. Some of the most important capabilities brought about by project portfolio management include pipeline management, resource management, change control, financial management and finally risk management (Brunel 2006, p. 59). The capabilities brought by project portfolio management are very critical in increasing the efficiency of a project portfolio (Rad 2006, p. 9). The work of project managers becomes simple with the adoption of project portfolio management. Project portfolio management provides the best platform for project managers to carry out their duties with minimum risks (Rad 2006, p. 49). The importance of project portfolio management can only be understood in this discussion by looking at the efforts being put in place by organizations to ensure that the project portfolio management office does its best in the management of multiple projects. There is a concerted effort by organizations to increase awareness on the importance of project portfolio management because of the critical role that project portfolio management plays towards the success of an organization (Kevin 2006, p. 143). Many organizations are now focused on improving their project portfolio by putting in place the necessary structures to facilitate the learning process. In order for project portfolio management to serve its purpose, there are certain things that need to be improved. To begin with, any initial information about a project portfolio should be gathered and reported through the recommended procedure. Organizations can also improve their project portfolio management by coming up with clear goals and objectives to guide their projects (Kevin 2006, p. 143). It is important for portfolio managers to develop asset portfolios for optimum resource utilization. Asset portfolios are normally linked to the organizational and financial goals of a project to enhance consistency when it comes to project portfolio management. The resources to be used for multiple projects are identified as early as possible to enable portfolio managers to come up with effective strategies for maximum utilization of resources. An initial assessment of a project portfolio helps portfolio managers to correct some of the mistakes that can affect the overall performance of a project portfolio (Morris 2010, p. 45). Portfolio balance is another aspect that is given special attention in project portfolio management. Portfolio managers communicate their recommendations to the relevant departments within the organization on a regular basis. It is always a challenge to choose the right projects using the right methods and this requires a professional portfolio manager who can carry out the task satisfactorily (Morris 2010, p. 9). Portfolio managers come up with proactive measures that bring high returns at the lowest risk possible. Facts about the Role of Project Portfolio Management Project portfolio management brings out the business value of a project by putting in place results oriented strategies (Grobys 2009, p. 176). All projects within an organization are directed in the right way to guide an organization to wards executing the right projects. Each project has a significant impact on the portfolio and this makes it necessary for portfolio managers to monitor the performance of each project. You read "The Role Of Project Portfolio Management In Increasing The Effectiveness" in category "Essay examples" The overall success of a project portfolio depends on the contribution of all the projects within the portfolio. Portfolio managers determine whether a particular project is likely to have a negative impact on current and future projects (Grobys 2009, p. 176). It is necessary for portfolio managers to identify projects that depend on each other in advance in order for them to come up with the right strategies. Information overload is one thing that project portfolio managers avoid at all costs (Ibrahim 2011, p. 85). Portfolio managers work with the most important data as a way of avoiding onfusion. It is not easy to work on all projects and at the same time achieve the desired results. Project portfolio management was introduced to help organizations in handling multiple projects in an efficient manner. Each project has team leaders who constantly report to portfolio managers on a regular basis about the progress of individual projects. The process of evaluating projects is made effi cient by the right portfolio management systems (Brentani 2006, p. 109). The role of project portfolio management is to ensure that project portfolios achieve the expected results in the right way. Many organizations have discovered the importance of project portfolio management and that is the reason why new systems are being put in place to simplify the work of a project manager (Brentani 2006, p. 109). Project portfolio management software systems are chosen according to the objectives of a given organization. Project portfolio management software has important features that facilitate process evaluation, measurement of benefits and costs, progress reporting, capacity planning and the tracking of benefits. This system enables the company executives to make the right decisions when it comes to finances and business. An organization that is ready to adopt project portfolio management should have the characteristics necessary for effective utilization of the capabilities brought by project portfolio management (Brentani 2006, p. 110). A portfolio manager strictly follows and implements all kinds of standardization without any kind of bias (Moore 2009, p. 156). Project portfolio management improves processes as a way of enhancing the outcome of projects. Organizations should have processes that are properly defined for portfolio managers to have an easy time when they are trying to make improvements. Project portfolio management provides the necessary framework that helps an organization in managing change (Moore 2009, p. 34). Project Portfolio Management Discussion The issue of whether companies should adopt project portfolio management can only be discussed comprehensively by looking at both sides (Levin 2010, p. 93). According to the argument in this paper, project portfolio management is very vital when it comes to increasing the effectiveness of a project portfolio. To begin with, the failure of a project-oriented organization to adopt project portfolio management disconnects information technology with business (Brunel 2006, p. 9). Project portfolio management facilitates a closer alignment of information technology with business. Companies are able to get value for their massive investment in information technology because project portfolio management enables executives to monitor the entire project portfolio and decide on the viability of each project (Rad 2006, p. 49). T hrough project portfolio management, project managers can monitor the progress of multiple projects and ensure compliance with all specifications and standard. Project managers often face challenges when handling multiple projects without the help of project portfolio management because they can not receive detailed data on current and future projects. Organizations that are yet to adopt project portfolio management incur a lot of costs and at the same time experience a decrease in production (Rad 2006, p. 51). On the other hand, project portfolio management reduces costs and increases productivity through appropriate allocation of resources and asset reuse. Project portfolio management enables project managers to make business-based decisions that improve returns and minimize risks (Rad 2006, p. 1). Project managers who work without the help of project portfolio management find it difficult to predict the outcome of current and future projects. Project portfolio management helps project managers in the identification of inter-project dependencies and prediction of project outcomes (Morris 2010, p. 71). The status of multiple projects can b e assessed by project portfolio management assessment strategies (Morris 2010, p. 122). It is necessary to adopt project portfolio management if there is need for a company to improve the effectiveness of its project portfolio. Despite this assertion, there are some arguments that do not support the idea of having portfolio managers in managing multiple projects (Levin 2010, p. 93). The first counter-argument is based on the opinion that portfolio management is only critical in determining whether the expected efficiency will be achieved or not. Poor handling of project portfolio management can lead to a situation where the level of overhead exceeds the benefits. The other reason why some organizations are reluctant to adopt project portfolio management is because it brings a cultural shift. Project portfolio management comes with new roles, processes, and corporate relationships that may take a lot of time for members within the organization to adapt to the new culture (Brunel 2006, p. 28). Portfolio management introduces the aspect of change management for effective balancing of new personnel, technologies and processes. The introduction of project portfolio management in projects that are ongoing can kill the project momentum because a lot of training is needed to familiarize the workers with the new systems. The possibility of a cultural resistance is what scares many organizations from adopting project portfolio management. The other argument on why project portfolio management is not necessary is that the business value of a project can be delayed as a result of over-engineered projects (Brunel 2006, p. 59). It is also not a guarantee that project portfolio management can deliver the desired result when it is implemented for the first time. It takes a lot of effort for project portfolio managers to make things perfect during the initial stages. Trying to change everything at once is one of the reasons why project portfolio management can end up failing (Ibrahim 2011, p. 5). Gradual implementation of new tools, processes and roles for a group of projects under project portfolio management is necessary when an organization wants to increase the effectiveness of a project portfolio (Morris 2010, p. 71). The final argument on why project portfolio management is not necessary in increasing the effectiveness of a project portfolio is based on the fact that some very important projects can be excluded even af ter the organization has spent a lot of resources and time to work on them (Rad 2006, p. 9). Despite these numerous claims against project portfolio management, it is important for organizations to clearly understand the importance of project portfolio management when it comes to achieving both financial and organizational goals. Conclusion It is important to reiterate the fact that portfolio managers play a very significant role in increasing the efficiency of a project portfolio. Project portfolio managers have a responsibility of ensuring that an organization runs multiple projects in the best way possible. Project portfolio managers consolidate projects that have similar needs and characteristics for effective planning and reporting. Project portfolio management saves the leadership in organizations a lot of money and time because it provides the highest level of management when handling multiple projects. The project portfolio of an organization can be compromised easily when a project portfolio management system is not in place (Levin 2010, p. 119). Through project portfolio management, the executive is able to receive information about all the projects that are in progress without much struggle. Portfolio managers have special attributes that play a critical role in improving the processes and strategies when an organization is in the process of handling multiple projects. An organization that is yet to implement project portfolio management is bound to face financial and organizational challenges on a regular basis (Levin 2010, p. 119). Organizations that want to improve the performance of their projects and at the same time maintain operational and financial stability should consider project portfolio management. This is can done through setting up a project portfolio management office and hiring competent portfolio managers to assist project managers in handling multiple projects. References Brentani, C 2006, Portfolio management in practice, Butterworth-Heinemann, London. Brunel, J 2006, Integrated wealth management: The new direction for portfolio managers, Euromoney Books, London. Grobys, K 2009, Portfolio management, Books on Demand, New York. Ibrahim, N 2011, Project portfolio management in philanthropic organizations, GRIN Verlag, New York Kevin, S 2006, Portfolio management, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. , New York. Levin, G 2010, Interpersonal skills for portfolio, program, and project managers, Management Concepts Incorporated, London. Mahajan, A 2009, Portfolio Management: Theoretical and empirical studies, Global Indian Publications, New Delhi. Moore, S 2009, Strategic project portfolio management: Enabling a productive organization, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Morris, P 2010, The Wiley guide to project, program, and portfolio management, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Rad, P 2006, Project portfolio management: Tools and techniques, www. iil. com/Publishing, New York. How to cite The Role Of Project Portfolio Management In Increasing The Effectiveness, Essay examples

Song Analysis and Life of Pi free essay sample

They all know, They all know! ] Sorry, did I wake your dreams? Some questions run to me We only, only wake up when we sleep Met by the lunar light, troubles all we find Lost our way tonight Asking God, if he did something wrong. Is it something we said? Is it something we said to them? Pi is trapped at sea, no way home, all alone, with no family. The endings are the same as every other, were only here to die. Like the rest of his family, he thinks he will die as well at first before he gains all of his hope.Is It something we said?! [Save me] Im trapped In a vile world Guiding light refers to God, and hope. Seeing a light at the end of a tunnel, it also represents the end of the bad, and start of the good. Where the endings are the same as every other Were only here to die Im losing my only dream I can use some guiding light, some place to go If you hear me, let me know Ever since the day you let my face being said unknown How many years to walk this path alone So much to see tonight, so whod you close your eyes? Pi cannot sleep at night. We will write a custom essay sample on Song Analysis and Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why cant I shut mine? Is it something we did? Is it something we did to them? Is it something we did?! Im trapped in a vile world Where the endings are the same as every other Blindness: huge theme in Life of Pl. Sanity: The debate of whether Pi is insane or completely sane. Brings up how if the person can admit they are insane, that usually means that they are actually in fact perfectly sane. Help me find my way So, help me find my way No pulse inside of me, stone cold lips and have seen All lies into a degree, losing you I want beFind out, what now? He may be out of his mind But someday you will find, that sanity has left us all blind And dragged us all behind, a moment seen with those eyes Crystal blue skies, they say that all beauty must die I say it Just moves on If you only open your mind, then someday you will find That sanity left us behind, and walk right through the dark I can see the pictures clear, its yesterday, pictures of my own I can hear the voices begging you to stay, but know youre not alone. Open mindedness, the second story.People whom heard Pips story and had a closed mind, they would not even consider that his story was factual and truthful and that he actually experie nced. If you are not open minded you cannot see as many or learn as many things as a person with which does have an open mind. [Save me] Tonight we all die Tonight we all die young! All beauty must die. The beauty of Pi died, some may say. The beauty of his vegetarianism died the day he ate a fish. The beauty of Pips youthfulness died the day the ship sank and killed his family.

Free Essays on Holes

HOLES The setting took place at Camp Green Lake, during the present time and summer season. Stanley Yelnats's family has a history of bad luck, thanks to their no-good-dirty-rotten-pig- stealing-great-great-grandfather! So Stanley isn't too surprised when he is sent to an all boys juvenile detention center, Camp Green Lake. The lake has been dried up for over a hundred years and used to be the largest lake in Texas. As punishment, the boys must each dig a hole a day, five feet deep and five feet across. There is only one rule at the camp and that is if you don’t bother the snakes and scorpions, then they won’t bother you. The worst thing is to be bitten by a yellow spotted lizard because you will die a slow painful death. At Camp Green Lake it is believed that if you take a bad boy and make him dig a hole every day in the hot sun, it will turn him into a good boy. Ms. Walker, who is the owner of the lake, claims that this pointless labor builds character, but she is really using the boys to dig for loot buried by the Wild West outlaw Kissin’ Kate Barlow. The main characters in this story are Stanley, Hector, Ms. Walker, Mr. sir, Mr. Pendanski and Ms. Morengo. Stanley is the boy who is found responsible for a crime that he didn’t commit. Hector is Stanley’s new best friend at Camp Green Lake. Ms. Walker is the owner of the lake. Mr. sir and Mr. Pendanski are the two helpers at the camp. Ms. Morengo is a patent attorney trying to prove that Stanley is innocent. The problems in this story were that nobody believed that Stanley is innocent. Also, everyone at the Camp thought that Hector was stupid just because he was a different race. All the boys hated Stanley and Hector because they were best friends. When Stanley realizes that the boys may not just be digging to build character, he realizes that in fact that Ms. Walker is seeking something specific. Stanley then goes and tries to find out what is really going on. Whil... Free Essays on Holes Free Essays on Holes HOLES The setting took place at Camp Green Lake, during the present time and summer season. Stanley Yelnats's family has a history of bad luck, thanks to their no-good-dirty-rotten-pig- stealing-great-great-grandfather! So Stanley isn't too surprised when he is sent to an all boys juvenile detention center, Camp Green Lake. The lake has been dried up for over a hundred years and used to be the largest lake in Texas. As punishment, the boys must each dig a hole a day, five feet deep and five feet across. There is only one rule at the camp and that is if you don’t bother the snakes and scorpions, then they won’t bother you. The worst thing is to be bitten by a yellow spotted lizard because you will die a slow painful death. At Camp Green Lake it is believed that if you take a bad boy and make him dig a hole every day in the hot sun, it will turn him into a good boy. Ms. Walker, who is the owner of the lake, claims that this pointless labor builds character, but she is really using the boys to dig for loot buried by the Wild West outlaw Kissin’ Kate Barlow. The main characters in this story are Stanley, Hector, Ms. Walker, Mr. sir, Mr. Pendanski and Ms. Morengo. Stanley is the boy who is found responsible for a crime that he didn’t commit. Hector is Stanley’s new best friend at Camp Green Lake. Ms. Walker is the owner of the lake. Mr. sir and Mr. Pendanski are the two helpers at the camp. Ms. Morengo is a patent attorney trying to prove that Stanley is innocent. The problems in this story were that nobody believed that Stanley is innocent. Also, everyone at the Camp thought that Hector was stupid just because he was a different race. All the boys hated Stanley and Hector because they were best friends. When Stanley realizes that the boys may not just be digging to build character, he realizes that in fact that Ms. Walker is seeking something specific. Stanley then goes and tries to find out what is really going on. Whil...

Introduction to Electricity and Electronics

Introduction to Electricity and Electronics Electricity is a form of energy involving the flow of electrons.  All matter is made up of atoms, which has a center called a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. The negative charge of an electron is equal to the positive charge of a proton, and the number of electrons in an atom is usually equal to the number of protons. When the balancing force between protons and electrons is upset by an outside force, an atom may gain or lose an electron. And when electrons are lost from an atom, the free movement of these electrons constitutes an electric current. Humans and electricity Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. Humans get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil and nuclear power. The original natural sources of electricity are called primary sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned  water wheels  to perform work. And before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with  Benjamin Franklins  experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, the principles of electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s, everyones life changed with the invention of the electric  light bulb. Prior to 1879, electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. The lightbulbs invention used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes. Generating electricity An electric generator (Long ago, a machine that generated electricity was named dynamo todays preferred term is generator) is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. When a wire or any other electrically conductive material moves across a magnetic field, an electric current occurs in the wire. The large generators used by the electric utility industry have a stationary conductor. A magnet attached to the end of a rotating shaft is positioned inside a stationary conducting ring that is wrapped with a long, continuous piece of wire. When the magnet rotates, it induces a small electric current in each section of wire as it passes. Each section of wire constitutes a small, separate electric conductor. All the small currents of individual sections add up to one current of considerable size. This current is what is used for electric power. An electric utility power station uses either a turbine, engine, water wheel, or other similar machine to drive an electric generator or device that converts mechanical or chemical energy to electricity. Steam turbines, internal-combustion engines, gas combustion turbines, water turbines, and wind turbines are the most common methods to generate electricity.

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 Article

What was the gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 - Article Example ies: the demographic trends in formal, job related training; informal training or self-directed learning; training and unmet training needs or wants; and long-term patterns in formal training participation. The gender difference in job related training between 1997 and 2002 showed that participation rates for both male and female participants in formal, job related training increased from 1997 to 2002. As clearly revealed, the authors disclosed that: participants, 39% of women and 34% of men reported having unmet training needs/wants. These proportions dropped to 24% and 22% respectively for non-participants† (Peters 19). These figures manifest that training and unmet training needs or wants were higher for women than men by 5% (for participants) versus a difference of 2% for non-participants, where women still exceeded men’s unmet training needs or wants. (54% were men and 46% were female† (Peters 23). On the other hand of the continuum, the patterns for long-term trainees, the results disclosed that there are equal portions of men and women in the group. The author’s findings in terms of gender differences in job related training revealed that both men and women exhibited increased participation in formal, job related training from 1997 to 2002; where more women manifested more unmet training needs or wants than men. Finally, in terms of long term patterns in formal training participation, men exhibited higher proportions of non-trainees than their counterpart. As Peters (2004) averred, the results would assist in future research that aims to â€Å"understand if the training objectives of workers are met by the training they participate in, how formal training combines with informal training in the skill-development process and a wealth of other issues†

Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect Literature review

Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect - Literature review Example All the trading activities are limited to the utilization of RMB as the standard currency. This investment channel has opened up new markets which have not been available to international investors operating in Hong Kong. This channel has expanded the access to investment options which are available to different investors within China. International investors in Hong Kong can be able to access and purchase shares listed in the mainland stock market while operating from their location (Sekine 2014). All these transactions will be facilitated through local stock brokers and agents within the different locations. Previously, the investors within the different regions could only access stock within their market and had to be registered in either Hong Kong or Chinese markets to be able to conduct trade there. Despite the development of a joint stock market investment opportunity which presents significant benefits to trader, there are various restrictions in the trading activities which investors can pursue. These restrictions have occurred as a result of the regulation available within the market. There is need for regulation to be implemented in seeking to ensure there is market control in how trading is conducted. The channel has created formula for defining the eligible investors who will be allowed to conduct trade within the channel that is being developed. Investors from Hong Kong and international investors are allowed to access all types of eligible stocks within the shanghai stock market. This will nevertheless not be the circumstance for investors listed in the shanghai stock exchange. The investors from shanghai who can trade in shares within Hong Kong are only institutional investors and individuals who have RMB 500,000 of investment or cash. Only ‘A’ shares from the Shanghai market are included within the eligible shares which can be traded in the channel. Certain constituent stocks of these ‘A’ shares are also accessible to Hong

Cryptography and Network Security Applications

Cryptography and Network Security Applications Part I Cryptography and Data Security Role of Cryptography in Securing Data Cryptography plays a key role in securing any company’s online data. Encryption is the most widely used method to implement cryptography on the companies’ data as it secures the data while simultaneously allowing it to be transferred to others. It is very difficult for an outsider to break into an encrypted file and access the sensitive information. Encryption acts as a crucial component of security for protecting the cloud storage data as it is vulnerable to being attacked by outsiders, for concealing the operating systems, and for keeping security on emails which are the most common method of communication in business. Purpose of Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryptions In symmetric encryption, the message is encrypted by the application of a secret key which can be in the form of a number, a word, or an alphanumeric string. The key is applied to the message (also known as plaintext) by the sender, and as long as the recipient has the key, they can decrypt the encrypted message (also known as cipher-text). Confidentiality is achieved by this method of encryption. If the symmetric key is changed in every session of communication the key is known as a session key that is valid for one session only and this provides improved confidentiality. This is a traditional method of encryption, using it becomes frantic when secure communication is needed by a number of employees in an organization as everyone will have a number of keys to communicate with different individuals. Secure key distribution among all the members is another problem in using symmetric encryption. In order to resolve these issues, Asymmetric encryption should be used in this organization. Each member has two keys namely public and private key. Public keys are used to encrypt and decrypt messages which are to be shared among all the members of the organization. Private keys are for to secure a private communication taking place between two persons. In this way, the all public and private communication inside premises is secured using these authentication methods and the files shared with these messages as attachments are also secured. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm: This algorithm is trusted as a standard by most government organizations as it is tremendously efficient in protecting the data of 128-bit. However, it is also used for data of 192 and 256 bits.Message Authentication Code  (MAC) Algorithm: This is also known as a tag, it is small information used for  authenticating a message which means it confirms the authenticity of the message by checking that the received message has been sent by the authenticated sender of it. The MAC value helps in protecting a messages  data authenticity and its integrity, by allowing the concerned persons to detect if the content of the message has been changed. Digital Signatures Digital signatures are commonly used for verifying the authenticity of digital documents and messages. It ensures the recipient that the received message has come from a known sender and the integrity of the message has not been altered during its transmission process. Since all the paper documents in the organization are now replaced with the electronic documents, digital signatures can be considered as an alternative to ink signatures and stamps of authenticity. Application of digital signatures offers authentication, integrity, and most importantly non-repudiation, i.e. one cannot deny their signature later if they have signed the document. Hence, digital signatures should be considered as one of the security measures while planning data security in this organization. These features can improve the transparency and security among the businesses through communications. These are basically comprised of 3 algorithms namely key generation algorithm, signing algorithm, and a signature verifying algorithm. It is very easy to create digital signatures, one can just open the electronic document that needs to be signed in an electronic signature tool such as Docusign or Microsoft office tools. Further steps differ as per the tool and document and these steps are instructed to the user as he opens the document in the tool. Users just have to follow the instructions and verify their identity in order to add their digital signatures on the document. When messages are sent after being digitally signed, the hash value ensures that no changes have been made in the document. All of this handled automatically handled by a software tool, which shows warning if a decrypted hash value produces an altered output. The encrypted value of the hash is added to the bottom or as an attachment in the email. Part II Cryptographic Keys and User Authentication   Ã‚  Ã‚  A user authentication system can be recommended to provide strict authenticity for users to access the companys resources. In this system, an identity is stated by the users who then applies an authenticator such as a password or a security key or combination of both of these in order to validate their identity. The security key presented by the user to verify their identity must be unique so that it authenticates only one particular user. The keys should be made in such a way that they are easy to remember by the user but cannot be stolen, copied, or forged. The process of revoking the previous key and issuing a new key should be easy. It should be impossible for the users to transfer their security keys to another user. The system should be protected against any attacker during the transit of data. Asymmetric encryption methods can be used as one of the user authentication methods to validate this system. Since the information secured through cryptographic keys depends directly on the key strength, key mechanisms and protocols effectiveness, and afforded protection. It is important to have a proper key management system in order to ensure proper distribution of keys. The user authentication should be made in such a way that it offers key protection against any modification. Private keys should be protected against any type of unauthorized disclosure. System Recommended for Employees to Get Discounts on Fruit Juice and Nut Bar The system recommended for the employees to make proper use of ijuice.com and nutbar.com is that when the employees click on the link given on the employee benefits page, a login or signup page should appear. If the employee is new to the system, they employee must make an account on the product website by signing up using their authentic credentials and their confidential employee ID along with a username or password that would be the key they use to access their account. As the user logs into the website, a session is created, and by the received login information of the user, special discount coupons unique to the employee is available to be added to their accounts so that they can use the coupon when they purchase any specific coupon applicable item. Once the user logs out from their account, the session is terminated, and the information about the session remains safe with the servers of ijuice.com and nutbar.com. Part III Secure Cloud Computing for Handling the Companys Data Implementation   John will want to implement most of the data used and stored for the company in a virtual cloud system. This will provide a certain effective measurement of security, efficiency, transfer methods, time saving and cost reductions. The first step in implementing cloud based storage is the replacement of physical infrastructures with virtual infrastructures. A software layer generates a virtual instance of the hardware as the controlling software point and is much easier to manage, interactive with, share and make changes too.  The second step, includes the decision making process of what cloud storage system would be best suited for the company. A common cloud service is ‘Google Drive’ ‘Oricle’ or IBM. These cloud services offer a greater visability into the usage and cost of virtual infrastructure as well as assisting in tracking and assessing shared computer resource usage accuracy. The third step of implementing cloud is realizing in companies where most of the work data flow demands server regularity without the interference of attacks and that’s where cloud security comes in. Blowfish, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) are some of the most commonly used cloud computing algorithms to provide efficient security to cloud platforms. AES encryption algorithms were described previously, but RSA encryption relies upon the computational difficulty of processing large integer values. The strength of this encryption is left up to the key size which are usually 1024- or 2048-bits in length, which is huge and is why it would be a great choice to implement upon cloud infrastructure storage security. Risks Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: These attacks prevents the users from accessing the services by flooding the systems or networks with traffic to make the resources work on unnecessary data or inevitably crash which then prevents the user from accessing their data . Such attacks have more computational power in cloud computing.Malware Injection Attack: These attacks inject harmful software to the victims data in the cloud and takes control of it. The results of successful injection can be very disastrous, it can even allow the propagation of computer worms which then can potentially use the company’s data distribution methods as a platform to spread the attack to individuals or groups who authentically interact with the company’s data.Side Channel Attack: These attacks place a virtual machine with the victim’s virtual machine in order to target cryptographic implementation of the systems instead of using any theoretical weaknesses of the algorithms or any other force. Cache attack, timing attack, power – monitoring attack, electromagnetic attack, acoustic cryptanalysis, differential fault analysis, data reminisce, and software-initiated fault attacks are different forms of side channel attacks. Countermeasures The data stored in the cloud must be zipped up with either a password or AES encryption and the keys must not be shared with anyone.Login authentication should not be simple in terms of guess work and rather should implement multifactor authentication.A CCSP (Certified Cloud Security Professional) should be hired to manage the cloud after installation.Data integrity must be verified by implementing data encryption and decryption over the wire. It is advisable to use cloud computing for the operational purposes in order to reduce the hardware infrastructure cost and maintain efficient management of databases and confidential data if all the vulnerabilities are taken care of by using proper countermeasures. Part IV Business and Blockchain Integration Blockchain technology has created a backbone for a new kind of internet. A blockchains store information across a network of computers making them not just decentralized but distributed which means no single individual or company owns a system but everyone can use it and help run it. It can be looked at in three different ways: technical, legal, and business (Nair & Sebastian, 2017).  As per technical aspect, it could be seen as a backend database which has a distributed ledger. As per business aspect, it is an exchange network that can be used by peers for transferring value. This mechanism validates a transaction and may validate it from a legal point of view. There is no requirement of any middlemen to make a transaction valid. In order to ensure proper functioning of blockchains at such a corporate level, a consensus algorithm is required which must be secure, functional, and efficient. â€Å"Proof of work†, â€Å"Proof of Authority†, and â€Å"Proof of stake† are some of the consensus algorithm which are considered as potential for blockchain integration. However, the use of a â€Å"Proof of Work† algorithm has already been started for blockchains in Bitcoins. Blockchains can enhance the security in three different forms which are: blockage of identity thefts, prevention from denial of service attacks, and prevention of data tampering. Advantages It allows people to sell or buy anything they like to and or from anybody in the world, without letting any other party to interfere and impose rules upon them.Every consumer can choose their identity in transactions, such can remain anonymous, public, or private as per their choice.Approach used in blockchains for storing DNS entries could increase security by eliminating the single target that can be attacked by the hackers. This will not cause the entire system to be compromised by the attack.Blockchain will also eliminate the network fees on DNS reads and will only charge for new entries and updates, of course depending upon the DNS provider that John chooses to go with. Drawbacks Financial services will be impacted as blockchain is defined as everything that a bank does.Government services as one can choose to buy or sell anything to anyone without any geographical boundaries. No one will go to government departments for completing the formalities.Blockchains will require a lot of computational power as compared to centralized database processes. Blockchain provides the ability for every node in the network to process the request independently.Existing currencies are regulated and created by the national governments, but blockchain and a product of blockchain such as Bitcoin will face hurdles in being adopted by the already existing financial institutions if the regulation status of the governments remain unsettled. References Stallings, W., & Tahiliani, M. P. (2014).  Cryptography and network security: principles and practice  (Vol. 6). London: Pearson. Jonsson, J., Moriarty, K., Kaliski, B., & Rusch, A. (2016). PKCS# 1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.2. Salomaa, A. (2013).  Public-key cryptography. Springer Science & Business Media. Hernandez, K. (2017). Blockchain for Development–Hope or Hype?. Nair, G. R., & Sebastian, S. (2017). BlockChain Technology Centralised Ledger to Distributed Ledger. Rittinghouse, J. W., & Ransome, J. F. (2016).  Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Stojmenovic, I. (2014, November). Fog computing: A cloud to the ground support for smart things and machine-to-machine networks. In  Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), 2014 Australasian  (pp. 117-122). IEEE.

Virtuality vs. Reality

Your Name Eng. 111-01 Teachers Name Virtuality Vs. Reality Computers have become one of the most sought-after devices to date. One reason perhaps is the overwhelming popularity of the internet. Seems as if no one is immune to using the internet and even some restaurants offer free wi-fi for their patrons. There is virtually nothing that can't be done on the internet.Because of its popularity, everyday millions of people log on the internet either for online shopping, socializing, or researching. Going to malls and department stores may soon be a past activity for the busy person due to the popularity of shopping on the internet. People may chose shopping online because it is very convenient, cheap, and variety is offered right at a person's finger tips. First of all, the convenience of shopping online is very time saving, and it eliminates the need to drive around to several different stores searching for that perfect gift.For example, a person can shop right at home using a smartph one, a laptop, or an Ipad in the convenience of her own bed. In addition to being convenient, online shopping can be money saving. Searching for deals online can save an individual a lot of money. Besides finding deals on the internet; moreover, staying home, and purchasing online can also save tremendously on gas expenses. While saving money is a good asset of shopping online, included in shopping online is the wide selections of websites to chose from.Depending on what a person is looking there is always something unique that can be found shopping online. Since there are so many stores available right in the palm of one's hand, why would anyone want to leave home? In brief, if one makes up her mind to stay home and do online shopping, she would not only be saving time and money but can also have the world wide web of shopping readily available at her finger tips. Having considered shopping online to being popular for the busy person, it is also reasonable to look at socializing th rough the internet as a preferred way that most timid people communicate.One example of social communicating online is the constant use of Facebook. People from all walks of life, from different ages, different nationalities, and social classes sign on to Facebook everyday to keep up with the statuses of their Facebook friends, comment on their statuses, or to simply see how their friends are doing. An individual can also use Facebook to stay in contact with far away family members, to search for missing family members, to communicate with old classmates, or to play online games with their Facebook acquaintances.In addition to connecting with people on Facebook, there are several online gaming websites that cater to a more eccentric way of socializing. For instance, a game called, â€Å"World of Warcraft† is a widely played game where one can socialize with another individual through in-game chat messaging. In this online gaming world, individuals can communicate with one ano ther, help each other complete missions, and conquer the game. Online gaming is also an easier way of conversing for a person who is intimidated by meeting new people in real-life.Finally, a person can meet new people through online dating more simply than meeting them in person. Online dating would eliminate the nervousness one feels in real-life and would give way to a more relaxed person. Not only will an individual be more comfortable, but online dating would allow her to be more herself. Individuals who engage in online dating can socialize through messaging, email, the dating website, or cell phones. There are several different ways using the internet can bring people together whether it be Facebook, online gaming, or online dating.Thirdly, conducting research online is another important feature of the internet and adds to its popularity. For example, a student has a project due at school and instead of spending hours looking in a library,the student, on the other hand, can go right to a computer and find all the information he needs to complete his project. Not only can a student find research material for his school project, but can also find ideas for craft projects. Searching online can be very helpful when it comes to â€Å"do-it-yourself† projects.Mothers can go online to research craft ideas she and her child can do together as family time. Moreover, mothers can not only find â€Å"do-it-yourself† projects, but can use the internet for researching recipes. There are thousands and thousands of databases full of recipes. From easy thirty minutes meals, to crockpot cookers, and baked goods, characteristics of these recipes can be found on several different websites. For instance, if an individual wants to find a recipe for banana read, all that one would need to do is to go online and Google banana bread recipes. In conclusion, with people using the computer every day, it is no wonder that the internet has become so popular. Because an individual can shop, socialize, and research areas of interest on the computer, society has become dependent on the internet. The ultimate question is have we as a society become more comfortable with machine than to come face to face with man.

What Exactly Is Behavioral Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1164 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Traditional economics describes human beings as rational decision makers , but it has been observed that investor do not always act rationally. Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. Behavioural finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient (Sewell, 2001). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Exactly Is Behavioral Finance Essay" essay for you Create order SEWELL, Martin, 2001. Behavioural finance. https://www.behaviouralfinance.net/ . Behavioral finance in recent times become a issue of significant interest to investors because it is a relatively new and evolving field in economics and consequently not well defined, a legitimate question is: What exactly is behavioral finance? but it is Described in various ways i.e. Behavioral finance is the integration of classical economics and finance with psychology and the decision-making sciences or an attempt to explain what causes some of the anomalies that have been observed and reported in the finance literature or the study of how investors systematically make errors in judgement, or mental mistakes. All economic models make simplifying assumptions about both market conditions and the behavior of market participants. Sometimes the simplifying assumptions underlying the model are explicitly stated and sometimes the assumptions are implicit, the latter is often the case reg arding the behavioral assumptions underlying the model. To illustrate, consider the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), an economic model of considerable importance to investors. The simplifying assumptions regarding market conditions that underlie the EMH frequently include, among others, assumptions such as: Transaction costs are zero, Markets are not segmented, Easy (even unlimited) entry into the security markets exists. The behavioral assumptions that underlie the Efficient Market Hypothesis can be expressed as: Investors act, in an unbiased fashion, to maximize the value of their portfolios, Investors always act in their own self-interest. The first behavioral assumption is frequently stated as investors are rational expectations wealth maximizers this means that investors form unbiased expectations of the future and given these expectations, they buy and sell in the securities markets at prices which they believe will maximize the future value of their portfolio s. Behavioral finance questions whether the behavioral assumptions underlying the EMH are true. For example, consider the assumption that individuals always act in their economic self-interest. Suppose you are having dinner at an out-of-town restaurant and it is extremely unlikely that you will ever return to this restaurant. Do you leave a tip? Most people do, but in this case leaving a tip decreases, rather than increases ones wealth, and because you wont be returning to this restaurant there are (presumably) no costs associated with not leaving a tip. In this case leaving a tip violates the rational expectations and self-interest assumptions. More germane to the EMH, consider social investing such as arbitrarily deciding not to invest in tobacco stocks or deciding to overweight environmentally clean industries, etc. Such behavior is not consistent with pure wealth maximization, if for no other reason than opportunities for forming better-diversified portfolios are foregone. Why investors might engage in non-wealth maximizing behavior, and what are the implications of such behavior for security pricing, are areas of inquiry in behavioral finance. Another aspect of behavioral finance concerns how investors form expectations regarding the future and how these expectations are transformed into security prices. Researchers in cognitive psychology and the decision sciences have documented that, under certain conditions, people systematically make errors in judgement or mental mistakes. These mental mistakes can cause investors to form biased expectations regarding the future that, in turn, can cause securities to be mispriced. By considering that investors may not always act in a wealth maximizing manner and that investors may have biased expectations, behavioral finance may be able to explain some of the anomalies to the EMH that have been reported in the finance literature.Anomalous returns such as those associated with value stock s, earnings surprises etc Cognitive psychologists have documented many patterns regarding how people behave. Some of these patterns are as follows: Heuristics Heuristics, or rules of thumb, make decision-making easier. But they can sometimes lead to biases, especially when things change. These can lead to suboptimal investment decisions. When faced with N choices for how to invest retirement money, many people allocate using the 1/N rule. If there are three funds, one-third goes into each. If two are stock funds, two-thirds goes into equities. If one of the three is a stock fund, one-third goes into equities. (Benartzi and Thaler, 2001) Overconfidence People are overconfident about their abilities. Entrepreneurs are especially likely to be overconfident. Overconfidence manifests itself in a number of ways. One example is too little diversification, because of a tendency to invest too much in what one is familiar with. Thus, people invest in local companies, even though this is bad from a diversification viewpoint because their real estate (the house they own) is tied to the companys fortunes. Think of auto industry employees in Detroit, construction industry employees in Hong Kong or Tokyo, or computer hardware engineers in Silicon Valley. People invest way too much in the stock of the company that they work for. Men tend to be more overconfident than women. This manifests itself in many ways, including trading behavior. According to Barber and Odean they analyzed the trading activities ofpeople with discount brokerage accounts. They found that the more people traded, the worse they did, on average. And men traded more, and did worse than, women investors. Mental Accounting People sometimes separate decisions that should, in principle, be combined. For example, many people have a household budget for food, and a household budget for entertaining. At home, where the food budget is present, they will not eat lobster or shrimp because they are much more expensive than a fish casserole. But in a restaurant, they will order lobster and shrimp even though the cost is much higher than a simple fish dinner. If they instead ate lobster and shrimp at home, and the simple fish in a restaurant, they could save money. But because they are thinking separately about restaurant meals and food at home, they choose to limit their food at home. Framing Framing is the notion that how a concept is presented to individuals matters. For example, restaurants may advertise early-bird specials or after-theatre discounts, but they never use peak-period surcharges. They get more business if people feel they are getting a discount at off-peak times rather than paying a surcharge at peak periods, even if the prices are identical. Cognitive psychologists have documented that doctors make different recommendations if they see evidence that is presented as survival probabilities rather than mortality rates, even though survival probabilities plus mortality rates add up to 100%. Representativeness People underweight long-term averages. People tend to put too much weight on recent experience. This is sometimes known as the law of small numbers. As an example, when equity returns have been high for many years (such as 1982-2000 in the U.S. and western Europe), many people begin to believe that high equity returns are normal.

Tacot Parsons’s Contribution to the Sociology of Health Essay

In this essay I would analyse the concept of health and illness, I would critically examines the contribution of Parsons Theory to health and illness and the criticisms of Parsons model of sick role. In addition, the paper will discuss inequality in health and the findings of black report. I would also discuss sickle cell disease and coronary heart disease. Talcott Parsons has revolutionised the way to deal with the disease and he structured his ideas in to practice and interlink with core issues that the utilitarian society must have. In that sense Parsons noticed that when a person is sick, they are unable to carry out their social responsibility normally. Therefore, Parsons implies that the only way to understand the illness and its†¦show more content†¦Giddens A 6th edition online version. Parsons idea of the sick role was to prescribe ways to control and challenge social deviance thus his model of the sick role has provided the sick person with rights and obligations as followed: 1. Sick person is exempted from their normal duties 2. They are not responsible for their sickness. Obligations: 1) Should seek medical help from professionals 2) Should see sickness as undesirable Some theorist has argued Parsons model has not fully cover every issue in his methodology of the sick role subsequently, on issues of patient –doctor relationship, chronic illness and inequality in health .Here the argument would be presented to measure and weigh the model and engage this model to see if it could still function in today’s society. Taylor S Field 2003 pg The arguments of the sick role: On doctor- patient relationship he emphasize that doctor should protect sick person’s privacy and well-being ,doctor should be skilled he should take the needs of patient as prioriy and be able to interact well with their patients. Doctors should also act according to the medical code of practice and ethics. On the other hand Doctors have unrestricted access to patient. Moreover, they have